Post-socialism

The opening of the Iron Curtain in 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 changed the lives of millions of people. Countries were newly founded or re-established, and long-standing social structures disappeared. Countless people not only lost their jobs and income, but also saw the fundamental foundations of their own identity called into question. Familiar routines and constraints were replaced by entirely new possibilities. These changes came about suddenly and affected almost all areas of life. They not only gave rise to hope, but also created uncertainty. This phase, which had such a profound impact on Europe, is perceived very differently depending on where and under what circumstances it was experienced.

In the GDR, mass demonstrations and pressure from the emigration movement brought down the politically and economically stricken system. In the free People’s Chamber elections in March 1990, GDR citizens voted for German reunification. On October 3, 1990, the GDR joined the Federal Republic of Germany and, at the same time, the European Union and NATO.

In retrospect, the fall of the Berlin Wall and (re)unification are understood as a major event affecting the entire (East) German society. This upheaval brought about lasting changes in social and political structures and set in motion processes that are still ongoing today.